Getting the current system date:
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
How to find the day of the month:
SQL> select extract(day from sysdate) from dual;
You can also say extract month and year the same way.
Give it a try.
I decided to try and put together a basic guide for beginners. Using this blog you can learn to use unix, linux, and OSX command line one command at a time. Each post is self contained solving one problem or performing one task that users can easily replicate. Use the command reference located on the right side of the page to quickly focus on the command of your choice.